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This database is described in
B Kemp, AH Zwinderman, B Tuk, HAC Kamphuisen, JJL Oberyé. Analysis of a sleep-dependent neuronal feedback loop: the slow-wave microcontinuity of the EEG. IEEE-BME 47(9):1185-1194 (2000) [PDF].
Please cite this publication when referencing this material, and also include the standard citation for PhysioNet:
Goldberger AL, Amaral LAN, Glass L, Hausdorff JM, Ivanov PCh, Mark RG, Mietus JE, Moody GB, Peng C-K, Stanley HE. PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a New Research Resource for Complex Physiologic Signals. Circulation 101(23):e215-e220 [Circulation Electronic Pages; http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/101/23/e215]; 2000 (June 13).
Bob Kemp, Sleep Centre, MCH-Westeinde Hospital, Den Haag, The Netherlands
Files with extensions .rec and .hyp contain original recordings and their hypnograms, respectively, in European Data Format. EDF is specified in
B Kemp, A Värri, AC Rosa, KD Nielsen, J Gade. A simple format for exchange of digitized polygraphic recordings. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 82:391-393 (1992).
More about EDF is on www.edfplus.info. Each EDF file has a header specifying patient, recording and signals including their calibration. Converters to (and from) WFDB native format are included in the WFDB Software Package (see edf2mit(1) in the WFDB Applications Guide). Applications using WFDB library version 10.4.5 or later can read EDF files directly with no conversion required.
The recordings were obtained from Caucasian males and females (21 - 35 years old) without any medication; they contain horizontal EOG, FpzCz and PzOz EEG, each sampled at 100 Hz. The sc* recordings also contain the submental-EMG envelope, oro-nasal airflow, rectal body temperature and an event marker, all sampled at 1 Hz. The st* recordings contain submental EMG sampled at 100 Hz and an event marker sampled at 1 Hz.
Hypnograms are manually scored according to Rechtschaffen & Kales based on Fpz-Cz / Pz-Oz EEG instead of C4-A1 / C3-A2 EEG: see
B van Sweden, B Kemp, HAC Kamphuisen, EA van der Velde. Alternative electrode placement in (automatic) sleep scoring (Fpz-Cz / Pz-Oz versus C4-A1 / C3-A2). Sleep 13(3):279-283 (1990).
The sleep stages W, 1, 2, 3, 4, R, M and 'unscored' are coded in the file as binaries 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 9 according to Q16.3 of the EDF-FAQ.
The 4 sc* recordings were obtained in 1989 from ambulatory healthy volunteers during 24 hours in their normal daily life, using a modified cassette tape recorder. Subjects, recordings and hypnogram scoring are described in
MS Mourtazaev, B Kemp, AH Zwinderman, HAC Kamphuisen. Age and gender affect different characteristics of slow waves in the sleep EEG. Sleep 18(7):557-564 (1995).
The 4 st* recordings were obtained in 1994 from subjects who had mild difficulty falling asleep but were otherwise healthy, during a night in the hospital, using a miniature telemetry system with very good signal quality. Subjects and recordings are more extensively described in the 2000 IEEE-BME paper cited above.
B Kemp, AH Zwinderman, B Tuk, HAC Kamphuisen, JJL Oberyé. Analysis of a sleep-dependent neuronal feedback loop: the slow-wave microcontinuity of the EEG. IEEE-BME 47(9):1185-1194 (2000) [PDF].
Name Last modified Size Description
Parent Directory -
MD5SUMS 18-Sep-2007 16:36 840
RECORDS 25-Feb-2012 10:25 208 list of record names
sc4002e0.hyp 09-Dec-2002 20:35 6.0K EDF hypnogram
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